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| Travels/Hotel/Flights |
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A
disease to which travelers are susceptible specifically because
of their travel. Travel-related diseases are the purview of
travel medicine. Travel medicine is not really new but it
began to flourish in the 1980's, due to the growing numbers
of people traveling internationally, especially to less developed
areas of the world. Destinations once visited only by soldiers,
missionaries and explorers became destinations for ordinary
travelers from western countries. Along with the increase
in this type of travel comes exposure to health risks that,
in large part, are new to the western world.
There are scores of travel-related diseases. They include,
but are not by any means limited to the following entities
listed as travel-related diseases by the National Center
for Infectious Diseases of the CDC (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention). Entities marked with an asterisk
(*) denote risks due to exposure to unimmunized persons.
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| hotel |
A
hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging, usually
on a short-term basis and especially for tourists. Hotels
often provide a number of additional guest services such as
a restaurant, a swimming pool or childcare. Some hotels have
conference services and encourage groups to hold conventions
and meetings at their location.
Hotels differ from motels in that most motels
have drive-up, exterior entrances to the rooms, while hotels
tend to have interior entrances to the rooms, making them
safer and more relaxing to people. |
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The
word hotel derives from the French hôtel, which originally
referred to a French version of a townhouse, not a place offering
accommodation (in contemporary usage, hôtel has the
meaning of "hotel", and hôtel particulier
is used for the old meaning). The French spelling (with the
circumflex) was once also used in English, but is now rare.
The circumflex replaces the 's' once preceding the 't' in
the earlier hostel spelling, which over time received a new,
but closely related meaning |
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Basic
accommodation of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table
and a washstand only has largely been replaced by rooms with
en-suite bathrooms and climate control. Other features found
may be a telephone, an alarm clock, a TV, and broadband Internet
connectivity. Food and drink may be supplied by a mini-bar
(which often includes a small refrigerator) containing snacks
and drinks (to be paid for on departure), and tea and coffee
making facilities (cups, spoons, an electric kettle and sachets
containing instant coffee, tea bags, sugar, and creamer or
milk).
In the United Kingdom a hotel is required
by law to serve food and drinks to all-comers within certain
stated hours; to avoid this requirement it is not uncommon
to come across "private hotels" which are not subject
to this requirement.
However, in Japan the capsule hotel supplies
minimal facilities and room space.
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The
cost and quality of hotels are usually indicative of the range
and type of services available. Due to the enormous increase
in tourism worldwide during the last decades of the 20th century,
standards, especially those of smaller establishments, have
improved considerably. For the sake of greater comparability,
rating systems have been introduced, with the one to five
stars classification being most common. |
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"Boutique
Hotel" is a term originating in North America to describe
intimate, usually luxurious or quirky hotel environments.
Boutique hotels differentiate themselves from larger chain
or branded hotels by providing an exceptional and personalized
level accommodation, services and facilities.
Typically boutique hotels are furnished in
a themed, stylish and/or aspirational manner. Although usually
considerably smaller than a mainstream hotel (ranging from
3 to 100 guest rooms) boutique hotels are generally fitted
with telephony and wi-fi Internet connections, honesty bars
and often cable/pay TV. Guest services are attended to by
24 hour hotel staff. Many boutique hotels have on site dining
facilities, and the majority offer bars and lounges which
may also be open to the general public.
Of the total travel market a small percentage
are discerning travelers, who place a high importance on privacy,
luxury and service delivery. As this market is typically corporate
travelers, the market segment is referral-rich, non-seasonal,
high-yielding and repeat, and therefore one which boutique
hotel operators target as their primary source of income.
Famous Hotels
Some hotels are well known because they had famous clientele
or are frequent hideaways for stars. The Beverly Hills Hotel
is known for it's A-list guests, and the Chateau Marmont is
known for it's Hollywood guests. More recently, the Nob Hill
Hotel is known for more current guests including musicians
playing at clubs two blocks away such as George Clinton and
Marylin Manson.
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| Tallest |
The
tallest hotel in the world is the Burj al-Arab in Dubai, at
321 meters (1,053 feet). However, this title may be taken
by the less illustrious Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang at 330
meters (1,083 feet), pending its (perhaps unlikely) completion;
it has been under construction since 1987 and was abandoned
in 1992. |
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| Largest |
The
largest hotel in the world is the Ambassador City Jomtien
resort, in Jomtien, near Pattaya, Thailand, at 5,100 rooms.
It is a resort complex with a number of buildings, but the
exact room count has not been independently verified. In 2000,
the First World Hotel, in Genting Highlands, Malaysia, claimed
that it was in the process of developing a 6,300-room hotel
complex; however, it appears that only about 3,000 rooms have
been built and opened to the public.
The largest single-building hotel is the
MGM Grand Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, with 5,005 rooms.
Third place belongs to the Luxor Hotel, also in Las Vegas,
with 4,408 rooms. According to About.com, 8 of the top 10
largest hotels are in Las Vegas. |
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| Oldest |
According
to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest hotel still
in operation is the Hoshi Ryokan, in Awazu, Japan. It opened
in 717 CE, and features hot springs.
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| Flight |
When
people before the Montgolfier brothers thought of human flight,
they pictured birds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the few
who proposed a different concept, the helicopter. But early
in the 17th century the barometer was invented by Evangelista
Torricelli, and Blaise Pascal used it to show that not only
does air have weight, but also air density decreases with
altitude. Soon the Jesuit monk Francesco de Lana realized
that an evacuated globe should float on the heavier air. A
Dominican friar, Joseph Galien, pictured capturing less dense
air from the top of a mountain and dragging it downhill until
it reached a level that would cause a craft attached to it
to float. These impractical schemes embodied the idea that
flight could be accomplished by the quiet mechanism that buoys
a ship in water instead of by frantic activity.
Joseph and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier came
from a family of paper makers, so it should come as no surprise
that their idea for flight would be realized in paper. All
accounts credit older brother Joseph with the original notion,
but differ on whether it was inspired by watching bits of
burning paper fly into the sky or by reading about experiments
that described different gases with different weights. The
brothers are thought never to have understood that a hot-air
balloon floats because warm air is less dense than cold air.
Instead, they believed that burning produced a gas different
from air that was also lighter than air. In any case, Joseph
began in 1783 with a small paper balloon filled with hot air
by holding it over a fire. A stronger silk balloon, similarly
inflated, rose to about 21 m (70 ft). By June 4 of that year
the brothers had made a sphere 11 m (36 ft) in diameter of
linen lined with their family's paper to retain the gas. Their
first public demonstration was in Annonay, France, south of
Lyon and west of Grenoble. The balloon rose to a considerable
height and floated in the air for ten minutes, coming down
about 2.4 km (1.5 mi) away from the launch site. On landing,
however, the fire suspended below the balloon lit the paper
and the balloon burned. Word of this experiment quickly reached
Paris. A public fund was set up in Paris to have a local scientist,
Jacques Charles, duplicate the Montgolfier feat.
Charles, however, did not know how the Montgolfiers
got their balloon to fly. He had been experimenting with hydrogen,
which he knew to be lighter than air. Therefore, he began
constructing a hydrogen balloon. He had to produce thousands
of times as much free hydrogen as had ever been previously
made -- hydrogen had been known for less than 20 years. Charles
and his assistants managed not to blow themselves up and succeeded
in conducting the semipublic experiment -- you had to have
a ticket to get close to the 3.6-m (12-ft) balloon. When released,
it shot straight up and quickly disappeared.
In the meantime, Jacques Etienne Montgolfier
was also in Paris trying to arrange for a public demonstration
of his own. He secured the support of Louis XVI and funding
from the government. The second full-size hot-air balloon
was 21 m (70 ft) tall, 12 m (40 ft) wide, and decorated like
18th-century wallpaper. This was because It was constructed
with the help of another paper manufacturer, Jean-Baptiste
Révillon, who made wallpaper. Unfortunately, the first
attempt to fly the balloon ended in disaster when heavy rain
dissolved the wallpaper. A third balloon was built, this time
from taffeta coated with varnish. This balloon carried a sheep,
a rooster, and a duck for about two miles in about eight minutes,
landing gently enough not to harm the animals.
Competition now developed between the Montgolfier
team and the Charles team to get the first human aloft. Although
there are hints that the Montgolfier team might have achieved
this even earlier, they definitely won with a public launch
on the outskirts of Paris. François Pilâtre de
Rozier and the Marquis 'd'Arlandes flew across Paris for over
20 minutes, but then lost their nerve and let the fire die
so that the vehicle would descend. Ten days later, Charles
and a member of his team made the first hydrogen balloon flight.
But it was too late. The Montgolfiers would always be known
as the people who gave humanity flight.
Before the end of 1783, several humans had
made their first flights in hot-air balloons, sometimes called
Montgolfieres, and also in Charles's hydrogen-filled devices.
But it was not until January 10, 1784, that a Montgolfier
brother ascended -- Joseph was part of a successful flight
in Lyon that included six other passengers. That was the only
trip for Joseph, and Jacques-Etienne never did fly.
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